The I-535 High Bridge opened to traffic on December 2, 1961, replacing
the Interstate Bridge. At just shy of 8,000 feet, this was the longest
bridge in Minnesota when it opened. If you include the overland approaches,
the overall bridge length is 10,775 feet. The bridge has since been renamed
after John A. Blatnik, a champion of the High Bridge project.
A need for a new Duluth harbor crossing was seen as early as 1930. Local
officials lobbied for a new bridge. Another concept that was put forward
was a plan for a tunnel under the harbor, much like the I-10 George Wallace
Tunnel in Mobile, Alabama. Between the depression and World War II, these
proposals remained unfunded. The bridge issue surfaced again in the
mid-1950s. This time, money was available though the Interstate Highway
program. The route was designated I-535. Construction began in the late
1950s, with a grand opening in late 1961. The Interstate Bridge, located
below and slightly east of the High Bridge, closed within a year of the
opening of the new I-535 High Bridge.
The bridge was officially named after John A. Blatnik on September 24, 1971.
Blatnik was born on the Iron Range. He served as state Senator from 1940
to 1944 and also served in the US Army Air Force. After WWII, Blatnik
served in the US House of Representatives from 1947 to 1975. Blatnik also
was a champion of the St. Lawrence Seaway project.
Major reconstruction of the Blatnik bridge occurred in 1992 and 1993. The
major work was to widen the bridges to add room to the shoulders, and to
install a center divider. There was also a three year project to paint
the bridge from end to end.
While Minnesota has one entry in the National Bridge Inventory for the
Blatnik Bridge, Wisconsin maintains 5 entries as follows:
NBI #B16000500050000, 2,241 Feet, Girder Span, Crosses WI-35.
NBI #B16000500020000, 697 Feet, Girder Span, Crosses Howards Pocket.
NBI #B16000500030000, 1,884 Feet, Girder Span, Crosses Soo Line Railroad.
NBI #B16000500010000, 1,140 Feet, Arch Span, Crosses St. Louis Bay.
NBI #B16000500040000, 2,022 Feet, Girder Span, Crosses Garfield Ave.
If you add up these spans, you get 10,225 feet. This is 2,245 feet longer
than what Minnesota reports in their NBI entry. Minnesota apparently does
not count the bridge sections that cross WI-35 on the Superior end of the
bridge. It is also possible that Minnesota recognizes a different northern
endpoint for the bridge. As evidence, a photo below shows that there is
landfill between the Blatnik Bridge and the Garfield Avenue Bridge. If
Wisconsin considers the Garfield Avenue interchange to be part of the
Blatnik Bridge, that could account for the 2,245 foot discrepancy.
In early 2008, the Minnesota state Department of Transportation started a
program to inspect and audit all of the truss bridges in Minnesota. On
May 6, 2008, MN-DOT announced that they discovered that structural load
calculations had not been run on the bridge based on the modifications
that were made in the early 1990s. As a result, the bridge might be
unsafe. Once these calculations were completed, it was discovered that
16 critical gusset plates did not have a sufficient safety margin when
the extra weight of the wider deck was factored in. As a result, two
lanes of the bridge were closed. The bridge will remain open with on
lane in each direction until the problem can be fixed. The fix turns
out to be relatively simple. Each gusset plate will have a section of
angle iron attached to increase its strength.
The photo above is looking north towards Duluth from the Harvest States
grain elevator. It is amazing that there are relatively few locations
to get a good unobstructed view of such a large structure. The photo
below shows the Blatnik Bridge looking southbound from the Garfield
Avenue exit ramp.
Two views of the main span from slightly different angles. These photos
were taken from the DNR boat launch parking lot that sits directly under
the north end of the structure. Notice that the truss section not only
includes the main arch, but that the truss also extends back one span on
each side of the main span. This is in contrast to the more modern Bong
Bridge just upstream where the arch structure only covers the main span.
Also notice the horizontal lines in the concrete on the piers. It appears
that the piers may be made out of segments that were precast and installed
in this location as part of assembly. Using such a strategy would have
vastly shortened the time required to build the bridge.
Here are two photos taken from a distance, each showing a large portion
of the bridge. The above photo was taken from the Bong Bridge by pointing
a camera out of the passenger window of my truck. One can see a large
ship passing under the main span. The large Harvest States elevator
complex is on the right side of the photo. The photo below was shot
from Thompson's Hill near the I-35 Rest Stop.
The remaining photos are of a typical crossing from Superior to Duluth.
The photo above is the big green sign at the start of the bridge,
indicating the start of Interstate 535. The grain elevator complex
is the Harvest States Cooperative facility. Below is the initial upward
climb from ground level to about the 90 foot level. It feels very much
like the initial climb on a roller coaster. The speed limit is 55 MPH,
which was raised from 45 MPH after the major rebuild in the early 1990s.
The photo above is reaching the top of initial climb. The photo
below is the causeway turn over Howards Bay. Duluth can be seen
in the background, and Minnesota Point is off to the right.
These two photos show the trip across Howard's Bay towards the final
climb to the 125-foot level for them main span. The Cargil grain
elevators are visible to the right of the highway. In addition,
the General Mills elevator is visible in the distance on the photo
below (below the yellow highway sign).
In these two photos, we cross into the main arch section, then pass
through the arch. The suspension cables that holds up the roadway
are clearly visible on the right side of the photos. The cables
are installed in groups of four.
After passing though the arch, we start downhill into Duluth. This gives
us a better view of the Duluth side of the harbor. The photo below shows
the Garfield Avenue interchange. This is the only exit on I-535, and
it provides access to the Duluth harbor waterfront and to the park under
the Blatnik Bridge. That park includes the surviving section of the old
Interstate Bridge.
Back on flat land, we are rapidly facing the choice of heading north on
I-35 towards downtown Duluth, south on I-35, or staying on US-53 to
go up Miller Hill towards the mall and airport area on top of the bluffs.
The rail yard to the right is one of the many BNSF rail yards in the Twin
Ports area. The photo below shows the Minnesota state line sign. While
most states use steel signs for the state line, both Minnesota and
Wisconsin put up monuments at the state line.
In the photo above, we take the I-35 north option towards downtown Duluth.
Enger Tower can be seen on the top of the bluff. Enger Tower was built
during the depression as a tourist attraction. The base of the tower sits
531 feet above the Lake Superior water level.
The photo below is merging onto I-35 heading northbound. I-35 was put
though in the early and mid-1980s. The section at the far end of the
photo running to Lake Street opened in 1986. The final sections past
downtown opened in the early 1990s. The section in this photo is built
on an old railroad switching yard. The state funded part of the building
of the Pokegamma Rail Yard in Superior in order to get the lakefront
land to build I-35.